


GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


̾̾
       gawk - ѥ󸡺


       aawwkk  [ POSIX or GNU style options ] --ff _p_r_o_g_r_a_m_-_f_i_l_e [ ---- ]
       file ...
       ggaawwkk [ POSIX or GNU style options ] [  ----  ]  _p_r_o_g_r_a_m_-_t_e_x_t
       file ...


       _g_a_w_k   GNU ץȤ ץߥ󥰸 AWK
       νϤǤܽϤ POSIX 1003.2 ޥɸ  
       ƥƥ줿Ŭ礷Ƥޤܥ
       ϤޤAho, Kernighan, Weinberger     _T_h_e
       _A_W_K _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_i_n_g _L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e ٤εҤˤȤŤƤꡢ System
       V Release 4 UNIX  _a_w_k ղõǽޤǤޤ _g_a_w_k 
        Bell  Labs  οǽ GNU ȼγĥ󶡤
       

       ޥɥ饤ϡ _g_a_w_k ؤΥץ(⤷ --ff    
       ----ffiillee ץˤꤵƤʤ)AWK Υץ
       ƥȡƻĤΰ󤫤ʤޤλĤΰ
        ϡѤ AWK ѿ AARRGGCC, AARRGGVV Ѥ뤳ȤǻȤǤ
       ޤ

ץեޥå
       _g_a_w_k ؤΥץϡŪ POSIX  1 ʸ   
        ȡGNU Υ󥰥ץ󤬤ޤ POSIX 
       Υץñ ``-'' ǻϤޤꡢ GNU Τ
         ``--'' ǻϤޤޤ󥰥ץ GNU ȼ
        POSIX ɬܻͤξˤĤѰդƤޤ

       POSIX ɸ˽ _g_a_w_k ȼͤΥץ --WW ץ
       ؤΰͿޤʣ --WW ץꤹ뤳Ȥ
       ǤޤҤΤ褦ˡ --WW ץˤϡб
         󥰥ץ¸ߤޤ󥰥ץؤΰ
       ϡ줺 == ǤĤʤǻꤹ뤫μΥ 
       ɥ饤ȤϤȤǤޤ󥰥ץϡ
       û̷դǤ¤ꡢṳ̂뤳ȤǤޤ

ץ
       _g_a_w_k ϰʲΥץդޤ

       --FF _f_s
       ----ffiieelldd--sseeppaarraattoorr _f_s
              ϥեɥѥ졼 (ѿ FFSS ) _f_s Ȥ
              

       --vv _v_a_r==_v_a_l
       ----aassssiiggnn _v_a_r==_v_a_l
               ¹Ԥˡѿ _v_a_r  _v_a_l 
              ޤΤ褦ˤꤷѿϡ AWK ץ
               BBEEGGIINN ֥åǤ⻲ȤǤޤ




Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                          1





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       --ff _p_r_o_g_r_a_m_-_f_i_l_e
       ----ffiillee _p_r_o_g_r_a_m_-_f_i_l_e
              aawwkk ؤ 1 Ѥ뤫ˡAWK ץ
              ե _p_r_o_g_r_a_m_-_f_i_l_e ɤ߹ߤޤ --ff (ޤ
              ----ffiillee ) ץʣѤ뤳ȤǤޤ

       --mmff _N_N_N
       --mmrr _N_N_N
              ޤޤʥͤ _N_N_N ꤷޤե饰
              ff Ϻեɿե饰 rr Ϻ쥳ɥ
              ꤷޤ 2 ĤΥե饰 --mm     
              ϡBell  Labs С UNIX _a_w_k ͳ褷Ƥ
               _g_a_w_k ˤϤΤ褦¤Ϥޤ 
              ǡ _g_a_w_k Ǥܥץ̵뤵ޤ

       --WW ttrraaddiittiioonnaall
       --WW ccoommppaatt
       ----ttrraaddiittiioonnaall
       ----ccoommppaatt
                 ɤưޤߴ⡼ɤǤϡ _g_a_w_k 
              UNIX _a_w_k ưԤGNU ȼĥϲǤ
                󡣤Υץ¾η⡢ ----ttrraaddii--
              ttiioonnaall Ѥ뤳Ȥޤޤܤϸ  
              GGNNUU ĥĥ򻲾ȤƤ

       --WW ccooppyylleefftt
       --WW ccooppyyrriigghhtt
       ----ccooppyylleefftt
       ----ccooppyyrriigghhtt
              GNU  ɽûСɸϤؽ񤭽
              ֤ǽλޤ

       --WW hheellpp
       --WW uussaaggee
       ----hheellpp
       ----uussaaggee
              ûΥץɸϤؽ񤭽Фޤ (GNU
                ǥ 󥰵˽ܥץꤹ
              _a_w_k Ϥ˽λ̣뽪λơ 
              ֤ޤ)

       --WW lliinntt

       ----lliinntt ¾  AWK Ǥν路뤤¾ AWK Ȥ
              ߴʤ¤˷ٹԤޤ
       --WW lliinntt--oolldd
       ----lliinntt--oolldd
              ꥸʥ Unix _a_w_k ذܿǤʤ¤˴ؤ 
              Ԥޤ

       --WW ppoossiixx
       ----ppoossiixx
                 ɤ򥪥ˤ˰ʲ󤬲ݤ
              



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                          2





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


              +o \\xx ץ󥹤ᤷޤ

              +o FFSS ñζꤵ줿硢ȥ֤Τߤ
                ե ɤڤꡢԤϥեɤڤޤ
                

              +o  ffuunnccttiioonn б̾ ffuunncc  
                ޤ

              +o   ^^  ^^== Τ ****  ****== Ѥ뤳
                Ǥޤ

              +o fffflluusshh(()) ؿѤǤޤ

       --WW rree--iinntteerrvvaall
       ----rree--iinntteerrvvaall
              ɽΥޥå󥰤 󥿡Хɽ   _(_i_n_t_e_r_v_a_l
              _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_s_)  ͭˤޤ (Ҥ ɽɽ򻲾
              Ƥ)󥿡ХɽŪ AWK  
               ѤǤޤǤ _a_w_k  _e_g_r_e_p 
              Ĥ褦ˡPOSIX ɸबɲäޤ 
              ѤȸŤ AWK ץưʤ
              ƤޤǤ礦顢Υץˤä 
              줿Ȥȡ ----ppoossiixx ꤵ줿Ȥˡ _g_a_w_k 
              εǽ󶡤ޤ

       --WW ssoouurrccee _p_r_o_g_r_a_m_-_t_e_x_t
       ----ssoouurrccee _p_r_o_g_r_a_m_-_t_e_x_t
              _p_r_o_g_r_a_m_-_t_e_x_t  AWK ץȤѤޤ 
               ˤꡢ饤֥경줿ؿ ( --ff ޤ
              ----ffiillee ץѤɤ߹) ȥޥɥ饤
               Ϥ줿ץñ˹뤳ȤǤ
              ޤϡ˥륹ץȤѤ 
                絬Ϥ AWK ץΤѰդޤ
              

       --WW vveerrssiioonn
       ----vveerrssiioonn
              ¹Ԥ줿 _g_a_w_k ץΥСɸ 
               ؽ񤭽ФޤϼˡʤѤƤ
              _g_a_w_k ץब Free Software Foundation ۤ
               ץΤǿΤΤǤ뤫ɤ
              ΤǤޤХݡȤΤȤˤͭ 
                (ܥץꤹȡGNU ǥ
              ˽ _a_w_k Ϥ˽λ̣뽪
              λơ֤ޤ)

       ----          λ̣ޤAWK ץ
              ``-'' Ϥޤ륪ץǤϤʤͿ 
              Ǥϡ¾ POSIX ץ¿
              ФƹԤȰݤĤ   
              

       ߴ⡼ɤǤϡ¾ΥץǤȤ뤫̵



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                          3





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       ޤ̾μ¹ԤˤơץƥȤޥ
       饤˻ꤵƤСʥץϡAWK ץ
        AARRGGVV ̤ϤޤϡAWK ץ
       ``#!'' ѤƼ¹ԤäǤ

AAWWKK ץμ¹
       AWK  ץϡѥȥȤȡ(⤷ɬ
       פʤ) ؿʤޤ

              _p_a_t_t_e_r_n   {{ _a_c_t_i_o_n _s_t_a_t_e_m_e_n_t_s }}
              ffuunnccttiioonn _n_a_m_e((_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _l_i_s_t)) {{ _s_t_a_t_e_m_e_n_t_s }}

       _g_a_w_k Ϥޤ _p_r_o_g_r_a_m_-_f_i_l_e (ʣ) ꤵƤФ
       顢 ----ssoouurrccee ΰ顢뤤ϡǽΥץǤ
       ʤץɤ߹ߤޤ --ff  ----ssoouurrccee 
       ϡޥɥ饤ʣǤޤ _g_a_w_k ϡ
       ٤Ƥ _p_r_o_g_r_a_m_-_f_i_l_e ȥޥɥ饤ǻꤷץ
        礷ƻѤޤä AWK ץҤȤĤҤ
       Ĥ AWK ؿΥ饤֥ɬפ̵Τǡ 
       ǽϥ饤֥ιۤǤޤ饤֥ؿȥ
       ɥ饤ǻꤷץȤ򺮹礷ƻȤȤǽ
       Ƥޤ

        ѿ AAWWKKPPAATTHH ˤꡢ --ff ץǻꤵ줿ե
       򸡺ѥǤޤ AAWWKKPPAATTHH ꤵƤ 
         Υǥեȥѥ ""..:://uussrr//llooccaall//sshhaarree//aawwkk"" Ǥ
       (ºݤΥǥ쥯ȥ _g_a_w_k ɤΤ褦˹/󥹥ȡ뤵
        ˰¸ơޤޤʤΤȤʤޤ) --ff ץ
       ǻꤷե̾ ``/'' ޤǤϡѥ 
       ϹԤޤ

       _g_a_w_k  ϡ AWK ץ򼡤νǼ¹Ԥޤޤ --vv
       ץǻꤵ줿ѿؤ򤹤٤ƹԤޤˡ
        ˥ѥ뤷ޤơ(⤷¸
       ) BBEEGGIINN ֥å (ʣ¸߲) ¹Ԥ    
       AARRGGVV  ǻꤵ줿եɤߡԤޤ (
       ɥ饤ǥե̾ꤵƤʤСɸϤ
       ƽԤޤ)

        ޥɥ饤ǻꤵ줿ե̾ _v_a_r==_v_a_l Ȥ
       ʤСѿؤǤȲᤵޤ   _v_a_r
        _v_a_l ꤵޤ (ϡ٤Ƥ BBEEGGIINN ֥å
       ¹ԤȤ˹Ԥޤ)ޥɥ饤Ǥѿ   
       ϡAWK Ϥեɤ쥳ɤʬ䤹뤿Υѥ
       ¹ԻѹΤǤޤ1 ĤΥǡե
       ФԤɬפ硢֤򥳥ȥ
       ΤˤǤ

        AARRGGVV Ǥ˶ ("""") 硢 _g_a_w_k ϤǤ̵
       뤷ޤ

       _g_a_w_k ϡϤ줿ƥ쥳ɤФƥޥå ѥ
       AWK ץˤ뤫ɤ򸡺ޤΥ쥳ɤ
       ޥ   ѥ󤹤٤ƤˤĤơ줾б 



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                          4





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       󤬼¹ԤޤѥϡץƥȤ˽и
       Ǹޤ

       ϤԤȡ _g_a_w_k  (⤷) EENNDD ֥å (ʣ¸
       ߲) ¹Ԥޤ

ѿ쥳ɡե
       AWK ˤѿưŪʤǽ˻Ѥ줿Ȥ
       ޤѿͤϡưʸ󤫡뤤
       ξǤѿѤˤѲ AWK    
       1 Ѥ뤳ȤǤޤ¿⡢
       ŪˤǤϤޤѲǽǤץ¹Գϻˡ
       ĤѤѿꤵޤɬפ˱
       ʲǤޤȤޤ

   쥳
       ̾쥳ɤϲʸˤڤޤ쥳ɤζ
       ϡȤ߹ѿ RRSS ͤ뤳ȤˤꡢǤ
        RRSS ñʸξ硢ʸ쥳ɤڤޤ
       Ǥʤϡ RRSS ɽȤʤޤΥƥ
       Ȥǡɽ˥ޥåΤ쥳ɤڤޤ
       ߴ⡼ɤǤϡʸͤκǽʸ쥳
       ѥ졼˻Ѥޤ RRSS ʸꤵƤ
       ˤϡ쥳ɤ϶ԤǶڤޤ RRSS ʸ
       줿Ȥˤϡ FFSS ͤˤ餺ʸϾ˥ե
       ɥѥ졼Ȥʤޤ

   ե
        ϥ쥳ɤɤ߹ऴȤˡ _g_a_w_k ϤΥ쥳ɤ ե
       ɤʬ䤷ޤʬ䤹ݤˤϡѿ FFSS ͤե
        ѥ졼ȤƻȤޤ FFSS ͤ1ʸʤ顢
       ʸ򶭤˥եɤʬ䤵ޤ FFSS ʸξ硢
       ġʸեɥѥ졼ȤʤޤǤʤ
       硢 FFSS ϴɽǤȲᤵޤüʾ
          FFSS ñζΤȤˤϡեɤϢ³
       򡦥֡Ԥˤʬ䤵ޤ (Ҥ ----ppoossiixx ε 
         ȤƤ)ѿ IIGGNNOORREECCAASSEE () ͤϡ
       FFSS ɽξեʬˤƶͿ뤳 ȡ
       RRSS  ɽξ쥳ʬˤƶͿ뤳Ȥ
       Ƥ

       ѿ FFIIEELLDDWWIIDDTTHHSS ͤǶڤ줿   
       硢ƥեɤϸĹǤȲᤵ졢 _g_a_w_k ϻꤵ
       Ȥ˥եɤʬԤޤξ硢 FFSS ͤ
       ̵    ޤ FFSS ˿ͤꤹ뤳Ȥˤꡢ
       FFIIEELLDDWWIIDDTTHHSS θ̤Ǥäɸư᤹ȤǤ
       

       ϥ쥳γƥեɤͤϡ $$11, $$22 Ȥ
       ̾ǻȤǤޤ $$00 ϥ쥳ΤǤեɤ
       뤳ȤǤޤեɤǤʤѿ
       ˤäƻȤ뤳ȤǤޤʲǤϡϥ쥳
        5 ܤΥեɤͤϤޤ




Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                          5





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


              nn == 55
              pprriinntt $$nn

       ѿ NF ϡưŪϥ쥳ɤΥեɤοꤵ
       ޤ

       ¸ߤʤե (ʤ $$NNFF 걦Υե  )
       򻲾Ȥ̤϶ʸˤʤޤʤ顢¸ߤ
       եɤؤ(ȤС $$((NNFF++22))=55 )  NNFF ͤ
        ֤Υեɤˤ϶ʸꤵޤ $$00
       ͤϡեɤͤѿ OOFFSS ͤǥեɤ ڤ
       ΤȤƺƷ׻ޤΥեֹؤλȤ
       ̿Ū顼Ȥʤޤ NNFF 򸺾ȡͤۤ
       եɤͤϼޤ $$00 ͤϡեɤͤ
        OOFFSS ͤǥեɤڤäΤȤƺƷ׻   
       

   Ȥ߹ѿ
       _g_a_w_k Ȥ߹ѿϰʲΤȤǤ


       AARRGGCC        ޥɥ饤θĿ ( _g_a_w_k ؤΥץ
                   ȡץϴޤߤޤ)

       AARRGGIINNDD      ߽Υե̾Ǽ    
                   AARRGGVV Υǥå

       AARRGGVV        ޥɥ饤ϡ 0  AARRGGCC
                   - 1 ޤǤΥǥåޤ AARRGGVV 
                   ѹ뤳ȤǡϤѤե̾ѹ
                   뤳ȤǤޤ

       CCOONNVVFFMMTT     ͤѴեޥåȡǥեͤ  ""%%..66gg""
                   Ǥ

       EENNVVIIRROONN     ߤδĶѿͤʤϡĶ
                   ̾ˤꥤǥå졢ǤͤϤδ
                        Ǥ (㤨 EENNVVIIRROONN[[""HHOOMMEE""]] 
                   //hhoommee//aarrnnoolldd ȤʤǤ礦)  
                   ԤäƤ⡢ _g_a_w_k 쥯Ȥ ssyysstteemm(()) 
                   ˤ¹ԤץδĶˤϱƶͿ
                    ޤ(ϡ _g_a_w_k Ǥѹ
                   ǽޤ)

       EERRRRNNOO       ggeettlliinnee Υ쥯ȡ ggeettlliinnee ˤɤ 
                   ߡ  cclloossee(()) ؿμ¹ԻΤ줫˥ƥ
                   顼ȯ硢ѿ EERRRRNNOO ˤϥ顼 
                   Ƥ򼨤ʸꤵޤ

       FFIIEELLDDWWIIDDTTHHSS Ƕڤ줿եĹΥꥹȡ⤷
                   ͤꤵƤС _g_a_w_k  FFSS ͤѤ
                   եʬ䤹뤫ˡĹΥե
                   ʬԤޤĹΥեʬ䵡ǽϤ
                   ¸ŪʤΤǡ _g_a_w_k ɤ˽äư



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                          6





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


                   ̣Ѳǽޤ

       FFIILLEENNAAMMEE    ߤϥե̾⤷ޥɥ饤
                   ϥե뤬ꤵƤʤС FFIILLEENNAAMMEE 
                   ͤ ``-'' Ǥʤ顢 BBEEGGIINN ֥å
                   Ǥ FFIILLEENNAAMMEE ̤Ǥ

       FFNNRR         ߤϥեˤϥ쥳ֹ档

       FFSS          ϥեɥѥ졼ǥեȤǤñ
                   ǤҤ եɤ򻲾Ȥ   
                   

       IIGGNNOORREECCAASSEE  ٤Ƥɽʸˤʸʸ
                   ζ̤椷ޤ⤷ IIGGNNOORREECCAASSEE    0
                   ǤʤͤꤵƤСʸӡ롼
                   Υѥޥå FFSS ˤե ʬ 䡢
                   RRSS ˤ쥳ʬ䡢 ~~  !!~~ ˤɽ
                   ޥå        ggeennssuubb(()),  ggssuubb(()),
                   iinnddeexx(()),  mmaattcchh(()), sspplliitt(()), ssuubb(()) ˤʸ
                   Ⱦʸΰ㤤̵뤵ޤ    ᡢ
                   IIGGNNOORREECCAASSEE    0 ʳͤʤ顢 //aaBB//  ""aabb"",
                   ""aaBB"", ""AAbb"", ""AABB"" Τˤޥå뤳 
                   ʤޤ¾AWK ѿƱͤ IIGGNNOORREECCAASSEE ν
                   ͤ 0 ʤΤǡ̾ɽʸ 
                     ʸȾʸ϶̤ޤ Unix 
                   ϡʸʸ̵뤹 硢  ISO  8859-1
                   Latin-1  ʸ ƤѤǤޤ :: 3.0
                    _g_a_w_k Ǥ IIGGNNOORREECCAASSEE ɽΤ
                     ޤߤʸӤˤƶ
                   

       NNFF          ߤϥ쥳ɤΥեɿ

       NNRR          ߤޤǤɤ߹ϥ쥳ɿιס

       OOFFMMTT        νϥեޥåȡǥեͤ  ""%%..66gg""
                   Ǥ

       OOFFSS           եɥѥ졼ǥեȤ϶
                   

       OORRSS         ϥ쥳ɥѥ졼ǥեȤϲԤǤ

       RRSS          ϥ쥳ɥѥ졼ǥեȤϲԤǤ

       RRTT          쥳ɥߥ͡ _g_a_w_k ϡ RRSS ǻꤵ
                    ʸ ޤɽ˥ޥåϥƥ
                    RRTT ꤷޤ

       RRSSTTAARRTT      mmaattcchh(()) ˤޥåǽʸΰ֡0 
                   ޥåʤäȤ򼨤ޤ

       RRLLEENNGGTTHH     mmaattcchh(())    ޥåʸĹ-1 



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                          7





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


                   ޥåʤäȤ򼨤ޤ

       SSUUBBSSEEPP      ¿¸ݤѤ롢Υ
                   ǥ 礹ʸǥեͤ ""\\003344""
                   Ǥ

   
       ϡ֥饱å ([[  ]]) δ֤μˤäƥǥå
       ꤷޤ⤷Υꥹ(, , ...) ʤ顢ͤ
       ѿ SSUUBBSSEEPP ͤڤȤƷ礷ʸ򥤥ǥå
       ȤѤޤˤꡢ¿򥷥ߥ졼ȤƤ
       ޤ㤨С

              ii == ""AA"";; jj == ""BB"";; kk == ""CC""
              xx[[ii,, jj,, kk]] == ""hheelllloo,, wwoorrlldd\\nn""

       ϡʸ ""hheelllloo,, wwoorrlldd\\nn"" ʸ ""AA\\003344BB\\003344CC""  
       ǥå x ǤƤޤ AWK 
       ٤ơʸˤꥤǥåԤϢǤ

       üʱ黻 iinn  iiff ޤ wwhhiillee ơȥȤѤ 
       Ȥˤäơ륤ǥåͤˤͤ
       Ƥ뤫Ĵ٤뤳ȤǤޤ

              iiff ((vvaall iinn aarrrraayy))
                   pprriinntt aarrrraayy[[vvaall]]

       ⤷¿ǥåĤʤ顢 ((ii,, jj)) iinn aarrrraayy
       Ѥޤ

       iinn Ϥޤ ffoorr 롼ǡΤ٤ƤΥǥåͤ
       ĤƷ֤Ѥ뤳ȤǤޤ

       Ǥϡ ddeelleettee ơȥȤѤƺ뤳Ȥ
       Ǥޤ ddeelleettee ơȥȤϤޤźꤻ
       ̾Τߤꤹ뤳ȤˤꡢΤ뤿ˤ
       ޤ

   ѿηѴ
        ȥեɤϡ(ư) ͤޤʸ󡢤
       뤤ξȤưޤѿͤɤΤ褦˲ᤵ
       ϡѿλȤˤäѲޤѤ
       ѿϿͤȤƲᤵ졢ʸȤѤʸ
       ȤƲᤵޤ

       ѿͤŪ˿ͤǤȲᤵϡѿ 0
       äޤʸȲᤵ϶ʸ  
       

       ʸ   ͤѴɬפ硢Ѵ _a_t_o_f(3) 
       äƹԤޤͤʸѴϡѿ  CCOONN--
       VVFFMMTT  ͤեޥåʸȤѤơ _s_p_r_i_n_t_f(3) 
       ԤޤAWK ǤϤ٤ƤοͤưǤ
         ͤϾȤѴԤޤäơʲξ



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                          8





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       硢

              CCOONNVVFFMMTT == ""%%22..22ff""
              aa == 1122
              bb == aa """"

       ѿ bb ʸ ""1122"" Ȥʤꡢ""1122..0000"" ȤϤʤޤ

       _g_a_w_k ϡʲΤ褦ˤӤԤޤ: 2 Ĥѿ 
       ʤͤȤӤޤ⤷ͤ`'ʸ
       ʤ顢ͤȤӤޤͤǤʤʸ  
       顢  ͤΤۤʸѴ졢ʸȤӤ
       ξȤʸʤ顢ʸȤӤޤPOSIX ɸ
       ˽ʤ顢ξȤʸξϿͤȤӤ
       餫˴ְ㤤Ǥ _g_a_w_k ϤΤ褦ư
       ޤ

       ""5577"" Τ褦ʸϿʸǤ ʤʸ
       ֿʸפγǰϡեɡ ggeettlliinnee  ϡ
       FFIILLEENNAAMMEE    AARRGGVV ǡ EENNVVIIRROONN ǡʸ󤫤
       sspplliitt(()) ˤäƺ줿ǤФƤΤŬѤ
        ŪʹͤǤϡ 桼ϡͤ˸
       ϤΤߤͤȤưޤ

       ƤʤѿϡͤȤƤ 0 ʸȤ 
        "" (ʸ) ޤ

ѥȥ
       awk ϹԻظθǤޤѥ󡢼˥³
       ޤ {{  }} ǰϤߤޤѥޤ  
       Ͼά뤳ȤǤޤξȤά
       ޤäƤϰ̣ޤ󡣥ѥ󤬤ʤ硢
       Ϥ٤Ƥϥ쥳ɤФŬѤޤά줿
       ϰʲǤ

              {{ pprriinntt }}

       ϥ쥳ΤϤޤ

       Ȥʸ ``#'' ǻϤޤꡢޤ³ޤ ϡ
       ʣ  ơȥȤδ֤򤢤Τ˻ȤȤǤޤ
       ơȥȤϲԤǽޤεǹ
          ˤϤθ¤ǤϤޤ: ``,'', {{, ??, ::,
       &&&&, ||||  ddoo ޤ eellssee ǽԤϡơȥȤ 
       ư Ū˰ʹߤιԤط³ޤޤԤľ ``\'' 
       ֤ȤǡԤ³뤳ȤǤޤξ硢β
       ̵뤵ޤ

       ``;''  Ƕڤ뤳Ȥˤꡢ1ԤʣΥơȥȤ򵭽
       뤳ȤǤޤ (̾Τ褦) ѥ- 
       Υˤ륹ơȥȤǤϤʤѥ
       -ХơȥȼȤ⡢
        ``;'' Ƕڤäʣ֤ȤǤޤ




Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                          9





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


   ѥ
       AWK ΥѥϡʲΤΤ줫Ǥ

              BBEEGGIINN
              EENNDD
              //_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n//
              _r_e_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_l _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n
              _p_a_t_t_e_r_n &&&& _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
              _p_a_t_t_e_r_n |||| _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
              _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ?? _p_a_t_t_e_r_n :: _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
              ((_p_a_t_t_e_r_n))
              !! _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
              _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_1,, _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_2

       BBEEGGIINN  EENNDD üʥѥǤꡢϤӤ뤳 
        ޤ󡣤٤Ƥ BBEEGGIINN ѥб
       Ϸ礵졢Τ褦ʤ٤ƤΥñ BBEEGGIINN
       ֥åˤ뤫Τ褦˰ޤ礵줿
       ϡ٤Ƥϥեɤ߹ߤΩäƼ¹Ԥޤ
       Ʊ ͤˤ٤Ƥ EENNDD ֥åϷ礵졢٤Ƥϥե
       ν (뤤ϡexit ơȥȤ¹Ԥ줿Ȥ)
       ˼¹Ԥޤ BBEEGGIINN  EENNDD ϥѥ¾Υѥ
       ȺƻȤȤϤǤޤ󡣤ޤ BBEEGGIINN  EENNDD ѥ
       ϥά뤳ȤǤޤ

       //_r_e_g_u_l_a_r  _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n//      Ǥϡɽ (regular
       expression) ˥ޥåϥ쥳ɤФƥ󤬼
       Ԥޤɽ _e_g_r_e_p(1) ƱΤȤޤ
       򼨤ޤ

       ط_(_r_e_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_l _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_) ǤϡҤΥˤĤ
       ƤǼ黻ҤѤ뤳ȤǤޤϳơ
       Υեɤɽ˥ޥå뤫ɤĴ٤뤿
       Ѥޤ

       黻 &&&&, ||||, !!  ϡ줾 C ǤANDOR
       NOT Ǥ C Ʊͤˡɾͤꤷ 
       ǰʹߤɾǤڤޤʣΥѥ󼰤
       뤿˻Ѥޤ¾Υץߥ󥰸Ʊ͡
       ˤäɾѹ뤳ȤǤޤ

       ??:: 黻Ҥ C ΤΤƱͤǤ⤷ǽΥѥ
       ʤ顢ƥȤΤ 2 ܤΥѥѤ졢 
       ʤ 3 ܤΥѥѤޤ2 ܤ 3 ܤ
       ѥΤɤ餫ɾޤ

       _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_1,, _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_2  ϰϥѥȸƤФޤϰϥ
       ϡ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_1 ˥ޥå쥳ɤ顢 _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_2 
       ޥå쥳ɤޤǤΤ٤Ƥ˥ޥåޤηϡ
       ¾Υѥ󼰤Ⱥ礷Ѥ뤳ȤϤǤޤ

   ɽɽ
       awk  ɽ _e_g_r_e_p ΤΤƱͤˡĥ줿ɽ
       ǤʲιǤΩäƤޤ



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         10





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       _c          ᥿ʸǤϤʤ _c ˥ޥåޤ

       _\_c         ƥʸ _c ˥ޥåޤ

       ..          Ԥ ޤǤդ 1 ʸ˥ޥåޤ

       ^^          ʸƬ˥ޥåޤ

       $$          ʸνü˥ޥåޤ

       [[_a_b_c_._._.]]   ʸꥹȤǤꡢ _a_b_c_._._.  Τ줫 1 ʸ 
                  ޥåޤ

       [[^^_a_b_c_._._.]]  ʸ ꥹȤεդǤꡢ _a_b_c_._._.  ʳ 1 ʸ
                  ޥåޤ

       _r_1||_r_2      : _r_1 ޤ _r_2 ˥ޥåޤ

       _r_1_r_2       : _r_1 ľ _r_2 ³Τ˥ޥåޤ

       _r++         _r  1 ʾη֤˥ޥåޤ

       _r**         _r  0 ʾη֤˥ޥåޤ

       _r??         _r  0 ޤ 1 η֤˥ޥåޤ

       ((_r))        롼ײ: _r ˥ޥåޤ

       _r{{_n}}
       _r{{_n,,}}
       _r{{_n,,_m}}      졼 1 Ĥ 2 Ĥοͤ򵭽Ҥ뤳Ȥ
                  ꡢ 󥿡Хɽɽޤ֥졼
                  ͤ 1 Ĥ硢ľɽ _r  _n 
                  ֤ޤ2 ĤοͤޤǶڤ 
                  硢 _r  _n 󤫤 _m 󷫤֤ޤ1 
                  οͤ³ƥޤ硢 _r ϾʤȤ
                  _n 󷫤֤ޤ
                  󥿡Хɽ ----ppoossiixx ޤ ----rree--iinntteerrvvaall
                  ޥɥ饤ˤƻꤵƤȤΤ 
                  ǽǤ

       \\yy         Ƭޤζʸ˥ޥåޤ

       \\BB         ζʸ˥ޥåޤ

       \\<<         Ƭζʸ˥ޥåޤ

       \\>>         ζʸ˥ޥåޤ

       \\ww           ʸ (쥿͡)
                  ˥ޥåޤ

       \\WW         ʸʳʸ˥ޥåޤ




Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         11





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       \\``         Хåե (ʸ) Ƭζʸ˥ޥå 
                  

       \\''         Хåեζʸ˥ޥåޤ

       ʸѤ뤳ȤǤ륨ץ (
       ) ϡɽǤѤ뤳ȤǤޤ

       ʸ饹 POSIX ɸƳ줿ǽǤʸ 
       °ʸꥹȤüɽǤºݤʸ
       缫ȤϹʸˤä͡ʤΤȤʤޤ  
       Сե٥åʸϥꥫ罣ȥե󥹤ȤǤϰۤ
       ޤ

       ʸ饹ͭʤΤϡʸꥹȤΥ֥饱åȤɽ
       Ǥʸ饹ϡ [[:: ȡ饹ɽ륭
       ɤȡ ::]] ǹޤʲ POSIX ɽ ʸ
       饹򼨤ޤ

       [[::aallnnuumm::]]
              ե٥åȤȿʸ

       [[::aallpphhaa::]]
              ե٥åʸ

       [[::bbllaannkk::]]
              ȥʸ

       [[::ccnnttrrll::]]
              ʸ

       [[::ddiiggiitt::]]
              ʸ

       [[::ggrraapphh::]]
               ǽǲĻʸ (ϰǽǤ
              󡣰 aa ϰǽĲĻǤ)

       [[::lloowweerr::]]
              ե٥åʸξʸ

       [[::pprriinntt::]]
              ǽʸ (ʸʳ)

       [[::ppuunncctt::]]
              ʸ (쥿͡ʸʸΤ 
              Ǥʤʸ)

       [[::ssppaaccee::]]
               ʸ (򡢥֡եեξʸ
              ؤ)

       [[::uuppppeerr::]]
              ե٥åʸʸ



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         12





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       [[::xxddiiggiitt::]]
              16 ʿο͡

       㤨СPOSIX ɸǤϡե٥åȤȿͤʸ  
       ޥ 뤿ˤϡ //[[AA--ZZaa--zz00--99]]// Ƚ񤭤ޤ
       ̤Υե٥åʸʸ˴ޤޤ硢ˤ
       ޥåޤ POSIX ʸ饹Ǥϡ //[[[[::aallnnuumm::]]]]// ȵ
       Ҥ뤳ȤǤʸ ٤ƤΥե٥åȤȿ 
       ˥ޥåޤ

       ʸ   ˤϡ 2 Ĥü쥷󥹤ѤǤ
       ϡʣʸˤäɽñ쥷   (
        ʸȸƤФޤ) ʣʸ Ȥ䥽Ȥ
       ƤǤȤ롢 ASCII ʸŬѤ 
         (㤨Сե󥹸Ǥñʤ ``e'' ȥ졼֥
       դ e` ȤǤǤ)

       ȹ祷ܥ
              ȥܥʣʸλǤǤꡢ [[..    ..]]
              ǳޤ㤨С cchh Ǥξ硢 [[[[..cchh..]]]]
              ɽȤʤꡢλǤ˥ޥå   
               [[cchh]]  cc  hh ˥ޥåɽǤ

       饹
               饹ʸꥹȤؤͭ̾
              Ǥ̾ [[==  ==]] ǳޤ㤨С̾  ee
               ``e,'' ``e`,'', ``e`.'' Τ٤Ƥɽ뤿
              Ѥ뤫⤷ޤ󡣤ξ硢 [[[[==ee==]]]]   ee,
              ee'', ee`` Τ줫˥ޥåɽȤʤޤ

        εǽϱѸʳΥˤͭѤǤ _g_a_w_k
       ɽΥޥå󥰤˻Ѥ饤֥  ϡ  
       POSIX ʸ饹Τߤ򤷡ȥܥ饹
       򤷤ޤ

       \\yy, \\BB, \\<<, \\>>, \\ww, \\WW, \\``, \\'' α黻Ҥ _g_a_w_k  ͭ  
       ꡢGNU ɽ饤֥εǽ򸵤ˤĥǤ

       ͡ʥޥɥ饤󥪥ץˤäơɽʸ
       _g_a_w_k ɤΤ褦˲᤹ΤǤޤ

       ץ̵
              ǥեȤǤϡ _g_a_w_k ϾҤ POSIX ɽ
              GNU  ɽΤ٤Ƥεǽ󶡤ޤʤ
              顢󥿡ХɽϥݡȤޤ

       ----ppoossiixx
              POSIX ɽΤߤݡȤ졢GNU 黻Ҥϥ 
              Ȥޤ (㤨С \\ww ϥƥ ww ˥ޥå
              ޤ)󥿡Хɽϵޤ

       ----ttrraaddiittiioonnaall
              Ū Unix _a_w_k ɽݡȤޤGNU
                ҡ    Хɽ POSIX ʸ饹 (



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         13





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


              [[[[::aallnnuumm::]]]] ʤ) ϥݡȤޤ 8 ʤޤ
              16 ʤΥץ󥹤ɽʸϡ
              ɽΥ᥿ʸɽȤƤ⡢ƥȤ 
              ޤ

       ----rree--iinntteerrvvaall
              ----ttrraaddiittiioonnaall  ꤵƤȤƤ⡢ɽ
              ǥ󥿡Хɽ򥵥ݡȤޤ

   
       ϡ֥졼 {{  }} ǰϤߤޤ̾
       ʸ롼ʸʤޤ黻ҡʸ
       ʸ C ȤۤƱͤǤ

   黻
       AWK Ǥα黻Ҥ̤ͥι⤤Τ˼ޤ


       ((...))       롼ײ

       $$           եɻȡ

       ++++ ----       󥯥ȡǥȡ֤  
                   ǽ

       ^^             (**** Ʊͤΰ̣ǻѤǤ롣ޤ ****==
                   黻Ҥ¸ߤ)

       ++ -- !!       ñΥץ饹ޥʥꡣ

       ** // %%       軻;

       ++ --         ûȸ

       _s_p_a_c_e       ʸ硣

       << >>
       <<== >>==
       !!== ====       ̾δط黻ҡ

       ~~ !!~~        ɽޥåΥޥå :: ~~    !!~~
                    դɽ (//ffoooo//) ѤƤϤ
                   ޤɽϱդˤΤ֤ȤǤ
                      //ffoooo// ~~ _e_x_p  (((($$00 ~~ //ffoooo//)) ~~ _e_x_p))
                   Ǥꡢ̾տޤΤȤϰۤʤ
                   ޤ

       iinn          ΥС

       &&&&           AND

       ||||           OR

       ??::          C     ＰƱͤǤ _e_x_p_r_1 ?? _e_x_p_r_2 ::



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         14





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


                   _e_x_p_r_3ηǻȤޤ⤷ _e_x_p_r_1 ʤ鼰
                   ͤ _e_x_p_r_2 ˤʤꡢǤʤ _e_x_p_r_3 ˤʤ
                   ޤ _e_x_p_r_2  _e_x_p_r_3 ΤΤߤɾ
                   ޤ

       == ++== --==
       **== //== %%== ^^==   ((_v_a_r == _v_a_l_u_e)) ȱ黻 (¾
                   η) ݡȤƤޤ
   楹ơȥ
       楹ơȥȤϰʲΤȤǤ
              iiff ((_c_o_n_d_i_t_i_o_n)) _s_t_a_t_e_m_e_n_t [ eellssee _s_t_a_t_e_m_e_n_t ]
              wwhhiillee ((_c_o_n_d_i_t_i_o_n)) _s_t_a_t_e_m_e_n_t
              ddoo _s_t_a_t_e_m_e_n_t wwhhiillee ((_c_o_n_d_i_t_i_o_n))
              ffoorr ((_e_x_p_r_1;; _e_x_p_r_2;; _e_x_p_r_3)) _s_t_a_t_e_m_e_n_t
              ffoorr ((_v_a_r iinn _a_r_r_a_y)) _s_t_a_t_e_m_e_n_t
              bbrreeaakk
              ccoonnttiinnuuee
              ddeelleettee _a_r_r_a_y[[_i_n_d_e_x]]
              ddeelleettee _a_r_r_a_y
              eexxiitt [ _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n ]
              {{ _s_t_a_t_e_m_e_n_t_s }}
   ϥơȥ
       ϥơȥȤϰʲΤȤǤ
       cclloossee((_f_i_l_e))         ե (ޤϥѥס) 
                           ޤ
       ggeettlliinnee             Υ쥳ɤ $$00 ɤ߹ߤޤ NNFF,
                           NNRR, FFNNRR ꤵޤ
       ggeettlliinnee <<_f_i_l_e       ե _f_i_l_e 鼡Υ쥳ɤ $$00 
                           ɤ߹ߤޤ NNFF ꤵޤ
       ggeettlliinnee _v_a_r            ɤѿ _v_a_r ɤ߹ߤ
                            NNRR, FFNNRR ꤵޤ
       ggeettlliinnee _v_a_r <<_f_i_l_e   ե _f_i_l_e 鼡Υ쥳ɤ  
                           _v_a_r ɤ߹ߤޤ
       nneexxtt                ߤΥ쥳ɤФλ
                           Υ쥳ɤɤ߹ߡAWK ץ
                           ǽΥѥ󤫤򳫻Ϥޤ C
                            continue ̣
                             ϥǡνüã
                           硢 EENNDD ֥å¸ߤм¹Ԥ 
                           ޤ
       nneexxttffiillee              ϥեФλ
                           ϥե뤫쥳ɤɤ
                           ߤޤ FFIILLEENNAAMMEE  AARRGGIINNDD 
                           졢 FFNNRR  1 ˥ꥻåȤ졢AWK ץ
                           κǽΥѥ󤫤Ϥ
                           ޤϥǡνüã  
                           ϡ ⤷¸ߤС EENNDD ֥å
                           Ԥޤ :: ΥС   
                           gawk  Ǥ nneexxtt ffiillee  2 ǻѤ
                           ƤޤˡϤޤǧޤ
                           ٹåޤ
                           Ūˤ̵ʤɽǤ
       pprriinntt               ߤΥ쥳ɤϤޤϥ쥳
                           ɤ OORRSS ѿͤˤƽüޤ



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         15





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       pprriinntt _e_x_p_r_-_l_i_s_t      ϤޤƼ OOFFSS ͤǶ
                           ޤϤ쥳ɤκǸˤ
                           OORRSS ͤղäޤ
       pprriinntt _e_x_p_r_-_l_i_s_t >>_f_i_l_e
                           ե _f_i_l_e ˽ϤޤƼ
                           OOFFSS ͤǶڤޤϤ쥳
                              Ǹˤ OORRSS ͤղä
                           
       pprriinnttff _f_m_t_, _e_x_p_r_-_l_i_s_t
                           դϤǤ
       pprriinnttff _f_m_t_, _e_x_p_r_-_l_i_s_t >>_f_i_l_e
                           ե _f_i_l_e ؤνդϤǤ
       ssyysstteemm((_c_m_d_-_l_i_n_e))    ޥ _c_m_d_-_l_i_n_e ¹Ԥλơ
                           ֤ޤ (POSIX бʤ
                           ƥǤϻѤǤʤ礬ޤ)
       fffflluusshh(([_f_i_l_e]))      ץ󤵤Ƥϥեޤϥ
                            _f_i_l_e ˴ϢŤƤХåե
                           եå夷ޤ _f_i_l_e ꤷʤ
                           ȡ ɸ   Ϥեå夵ޤ
                           _f_i_l_e ʸξ硢ץ󤵤 
                           뤹٤ƤΥեȥѥפΥХåե
                           եå夷ޤ
       ¾ηΥ쥯ȤȤưʲΤΤѲǽǤ
       pprriinntt  pprriinnttff Фơ >>>>_f_i_l_e ꤹȽϤϥե
        _f_i_l_e ɲä졢 || _c_o_m_m_a_n_d ϽϤѥפФƹ 
        Ʊͤˡ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d|| ggeettlliinnee ϥޥɤνϤ ggeett--
       lliinnee Ԥʤޤ ggeettlliinnee ϥե뽪üǤ 0 򡢥 
       ˤ -1 ֤ޤ
   _p_r_i_n_t_f ơȥ
       AWK Ǥ pprriinnttff ơȥȤ sspprriinnttff(()) ؿ (һ)
       ϡʲѴ񼰤դޤ
       %%cc     1 Ĥ ASCII ʸ %%cc бͤʤ顢
              ͤ ASCII ɤȤߤʤʸѴޤ
              ǤʤСʸǤȲᤵ졢 1 ʸ
              ܤϤޤ
       %%dd
       %%ii     10 ʿ (ʬ)
       %%ee
       %%EE     [[--]]dd..ddddddddddddee[[++--]]dddd Ȥư %%EE 
              Ǥ ee  EE Ѥޤ

       %%ff     [[--]]dddddd..dddddddddddd Ȥư

       %%gg
       %%GG     %%ee  %%ff ûηư;פ 0  
               άޤ %%GG Ǥ %%ee  %%EE Ѥ
              ޤ

       %%oo     ʤ 8 ʿ ()

       %%ss     ʸ

       %%xx
       %%XX     ʤ 16 ʿ () %%XX Ǥϡ aabbccddeeff 



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         16





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


               AABBCCDDEEFF Ѥޤ

       %%%%     ñʸ %% ϻѤޤ

       %% Ⱦ嵭ʸȤδ֤˥ץʥɲäΥѥ᡼
       ֤ȤǤޤʲˤ򼨤ޤ

       --      󤻡

          ѴˤơͤΥץեå϶ 
              ꡢ   ͤΥץեåϥޥʥȤʤ
              

       ++      ץ饹 () ˻Ѥ 
               ǡǤäȤƤ⡢ѴФƾ
              դ뤳Ȥؼޤ ++ ϶Ҥͥ
              ޤ

       ##      쥿Фơ̤ηפѤޤ %%oo
              ФƤԤ 0 Ϳ %%xx  %%XX ФƤ
              0  η̤ФԤ 00xx  00XX Ϳޤ %%ee,
              %%EE, %%ff ФƤϷ̤˾˾ޤ   %%gg,
              %%GG ФƤϷ̤ 0 ޤ

       00       Ƭ 00 () ϥե饰ȤưϤ
              Ϥʤ 0 ǥѥǥ󥰤뤳Ȥ򼨤ޤ
               νϽ񼰤ФƤŬѤޤΥե饰ͭ
              ʤΤϡեͤ깭 
              Ǥ

       _w_i_d_t_h  եɤꤷ _w_i_d_t_h ˤʤ褦˥ѥǥ
              ޤեɤ̾ǥѥǥ   
                00 ե饰Ѥ줿ˤ 0 ǥѥǥ󥰤
              ޤ

       .._p_r_e_c  ˤƻѤ٤ͤǻꤷ    %%ee,
              %%EE, %%ff ν񼰤ФƤϡα¦˰
              οꤷޤ %%gg, %%GG ν񼰤ФƤϡ 
               κꤷޤ %%dd, %%oo, %%ii, %%uu, %%xx, %%XX 
              񼰤ФƤϡκǾ   
               ʸФƤϡʸ󤫤Ȥ
              ʸꤷޤ

       ANSI C  pprriinnttff(()) ưŪ _w_i_d_t_h  _p_r_e_c λ굡ǽ
        ѤǤޤ ޤ ٤λʬ ** ꤹ뤳
       Ȥǡͤ pprriinnttff ޤ sspprriinnttff(()) ؤΰǻ 
       ޤ

   üե̾̾
       pprriinntt   pprriinnttff ǽ񤭹ߤȤǤ⡢ ggeettlliinnee ǥե뤫
       ɤ߼ȤǤ⡢ϥ쥯ȤԤ硢 _g_a_w_k 
       Ūüʥե̾ᤷޤΥե̾
       ꡢƥץ (̾ϥǤ) Ѥץ
       ֤ΥեǥץѤϤԤäꡢ¹



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         17





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


        _g_a_w_k ץ˴ؤ뤳ȤǤޤ  
       ե̾ϰʲΤȤǤ

       //ddeevv//ppiidd     ߤΥץΥץID (10 ʿǡǸ
                   Ԥդޤ) ɤ߹ळȤǤޤ

       //ddeevv//ppppiidd   ߤΥץοƤΥץΥץ ID  (10
                   ʿǡǸ˲Ԥդޤ) ɤ߹ळȤ
                   Ǥޤ

       //ddeevv//ppggrrppiidd ߤΥץΥץ롼 ID (10   
                   ǡǸ˲Ԥդޤ) ɤ߹ळȤǤ
                   ޤ

       //ddeevv//uusseerr   ΥեɤळȤǡԤǽñΥ
                   ɤޤƥեɤ϶Ƕڤ
                   Ƥޤ $$11  _g_e_t_u_i_d(2) ƥॳ 
                   ͡  $$22  _g_e_t_e_u_i_d(2) ƥॳ͡ $$33
                    _g_e_t_g_i_d(2) ƥॳ͡ $$44   _g_e_t_e_-
                   _g_i_d(2)    ƥॳͤǤ⤷
                   եɤС _g_e_t_g_r_o_u_p_s(2) 
                   ॳ뤬֤롼 ID ΥꥹȤǤƤ
                   ƥʣΥ롼פݡȤƤ
                   ǤϤޤ

       //ddeevv//ssttddiinn  ɸϡ

       //ddeevv//ssttddoouutt ɸϡ

       //ddeevv//ssttddeerrrr ɸ२顼ϡ

       //ddeevv//ffdd//_n    ץ󤵤줿եǥץ _n б
                   Ƥե롣

       顼åϤˤϡʲˡǤ

              pprriinntt ""YYoouu bblleeww iitt!!"" >> ""//ddeevv//ssttddeerrrr""

       ⤷εǽ̵ä顢Τ褦ˤ뤷ʤȤ  
       

              pprriinntt ""YYoouu bblleeww iitt!!"" || ""ccaatt 11>>&&22""

       Υե̾ϡޥɥ饤Υǡե
       ȤȤǤޤ

   ʹؿ
       AWK ϰʲѤ߿ʹؿäƤޤ


       aattaann22((_y,, _x))   _y_/_x εܤ饸Ϳޤ

       ccooss((_e_x_p_r))     _e_x_p_r ;饸Ϳޤ




Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         18





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       eexxpp((_e_x_p_r))     ؿؿ

       iinntt((_e_x_p_r))     ؤڼΤơ

       lloogg((_e_x_p_r))     п

       rraanndd(())        0  1 δ֤Ϳޤ

       ssiinn((_e_x_p_r))     _e_x_p_r 饸Ϳޤ

       ssqqrrtt((_e_x_p_r))    ʿ

       ssrraanndd(([_e_x_p_r])) _e_x_p_r ͤؿμȤѤ 
                     ꤵʤäϡ郎Ѥ
                     ľμ֤ͤޤ

   ʸʸؿ
       _g_a_w_k ϰʲѤʸؿäƤޤ


       ggeennssuubb((_r,, _s,, _h [,, _t]))   оʸ _t ɽ _r Υޥ
                                õޤ _h  gg ޤ GG 
                               Ϥʸξ硢ޥå _r
                                ٤ _s ֤ޤ
                               ʤ硢 _h ϲܤ _r Υޥå
                                ֤Τ򼨤ޤ _t 
                               Ϳʤ硢 $$00 
                                ޤִƥ _s Ǥϡ
                                \\_n  _n  1    9
                                  Ѥơ _n ܤ
                               ޥåդּ򼨤
                               Ǥޤ \\00 ʸ &&
                               Ʊ͡ޥåƥΤɽ
                                ޤ ssuubb(())  ggssuubb(()) Ȥϰۤ
                               ꡢ줿ʸ󤬴ؿη̤
                               ֤졢оݥƥȤѹ
                                ޤ

       ggssuubb((_r,, _s [,, _t]))        ʸ _t ɽ _r ˥ޥå
                                ʬ򤹤٤ _s ִޤ
                               θĿ֤ޤ _t ꤷ 
                               ä $$00 Ѥޤ
                               ƥȤǤϡ && ϼºݤ˥ޥ 
                                 ƥȤ֤ޤ
                               \\&& Ѥȥƥ && 
                                  Ǥޤ ssuubb(()), ggssuubb(()),
                               ggeennssuubb(()) ˤ && ȥХå
                                ˴ؤ봰ʵ _A_W_K _L_a_n_-
                               _g_u_a_g_e _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_i_n_g 򻲾ȤƤ
                               

       iinnddeexx((_s,, _t))             ʸ _s ˴ޤޤʸ _t ΰ
                               ֤֤ޤ _t ޤޤƤ 
                                0 ֤ޤ



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         19





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       lleennggtthh(([_s]))             ʸ _s Ĺ֤ޤ _s 
                               ꤷʤäˤ $$00 Ĺ
                               ޤ

       mmaattcchh((_s,, _r))             ʸ _s ɽ _r ˥ޥå
                               ֤֤ޤޥåʤ
                                 0        RRSSTTAARRTT 
                               RRLLEENNGGTTHH ͤꤵޤ

       sspplliitt((_s,, _a [,, _r]))       ʸ _s ɽ _r Ѥʬ
                                 _a ˳Ǽޤե
                               ɿ֤ޤ _r ά줿 
                                 FFSS Ѥޤ _a 
                               Ƥϡʬ˥ꥢޤʬ
                               ϡҤΥեʬƱư
                               Ԥޤ

       sspprriinnttff((_f_m_t,, _e_x_p_r_-_l_i_s_t))  _f_m_t ˽ä _e_x_p_-_l_i_s_t  
                               ɽ̤ʸ֤ޤ

       ssuubb((_r,, _s [,, _t]))         ggssuubb(())  ȻƤޤǽ˥ޥ
                               ʸΤߤִޤ

       ssuubbssttrr((_s,, _i [,, _n]))      ʸ _s  _i ʸܤϤޤ
                               _n  ʸ ʬʸ֤ޤ _n
                               ά줿硢 _i ʸܰʹ 
                               ʬʸ֤ޤ

       ttoolloowweerr((_s_t_r))            ʸ  _s_t_r 򥳥ԡʸ
                               ٤ƾʸѴΤ  
                               ե٥åȤǤʤʸѲ
                               ޤ

       ttoouuppppeerr((_s_t_r))            ʸ _s_t_r 򥳥ԡʸ 
                                 ʸѴΤ֤
                               ե٥åȤǤʤʸѲ
                               ޤ

   ִؿ
        ॹפޤեν AWK ץ
       μʻȤƻ1ĤǤ顢 _g_a_w_k ϥॹפ 
       ꡢեޥåȤ뤿 2 Ĥδؿ󶡤ޤ


       ssyyssttiimmee(()) ηвÿ֤ޤ (POSIX ƥ
                 Ǥϡ UTC  1970 ǯ 1  1    0:00
                 Ǥ)

       ssttrrffttiimmee(([_f_o_r_m_a_t [,, _t_i_m_e_s_t_a_m_p]]))
                   _f_o_r_m_a_t ˽ä _t_i_m_e_s_t_a_m_p եޥåȤ
                 ޤ _t_i_m_e_s_t_a_m_p  ssyyssttiimmee(()) ֤ͤƱ
                  ʤФʤޤ _t_i_m_e_s_t_a_m_p ά줿
                 硢ߤդѤޤ _f_o_r_m_a_t ά
                   硢  _d_a_t_e(1) Ϥ˻ѤΤƱ



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         20





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


                 եȥեޥåȤѤޤѲ ǽ 
                 ե ޥåȤˤĤƤϡANSI C  ssttrrffttiimmee(()) 
                 λͤ򻲾ȤƲѥ֥åɥᥤ  
                 _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) ȤΥޥ˥奢ڡ _g_a_w_k ȤȤ
                 ۤƤޤ⤷ _g_a_w_k 뤿
                  ssttrrffttiimmee ѤϡΥޥ˥奢˵
                 ҤƤѴ񼰤 _g_a_w_k ǤѲǽǤ

   ʸʸ
       AWK Ǥʸϡ֥륯 ("") ˶ޤ줿ʸ 
        ǤʸǤϡC Τ褦ˤĤ 
       󥹤Ȥޤ


       \\\\   Хåå夽ΤΡ

       \\aa   ַٹʸ̾ ASCII BEL ʸǤ

       \\bb   Хåڡ

       \\ff   ڡ (եե)

       \\nn   ԡ

       \\rr    (å꥿)

       \\tt   ʿ֡

       \\vv   ľ֡

       \\xx_h_e_x _d_i_g_i_t_s
            \\xx ³ 16 ʿɽ줿ʸANSI C Ʊ ˡ
            \\xx ³٤Ƥ 16 ʿϥץ󥹤ΰ
            ǤȤߤʤޤ (εǽˤꥳߥåƥ 
                ǥʬޤ) 㤨С""\\xx11BB"" 
            ASCII ESC () ʸǤ

       \\_d_d_d 1 夫 2 夫 3  8 ʿɽ줿ʸ㤨С
            ""\\003333""  ASCII ESC () ʸǤ

       \\_c   ʸ c ΤΡ

       ץ󥹤ɽǤѤ뤳ȤǤ
        (㤨С //[[ \\tt\\ff\\nn\\rr\\vv]]// ϶ʸ˥ޥåޤ)

       ߴ⡼ɤǤϡ8 ʤ 16 ʤΥץ󥹤ɽ
       ʸϡɽȤƻѤ줿硢ƥ
       Ȥưޤ椨 //aa\\5522bb//  //aa\\**bb//    
       

ؿ
       AWK ǤϴؿʲΤ褦ˤޤ

              ffuunnccttiioonn _n_a_m_e((_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _l_i_s_t)) {{ _s_t_a_t_e_m_e_n_t_s }}



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         21





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       ؿϡѥޤϥμƤӽФ줿Ȥ
       ¹ԤޤؿƤӽФˤͿ줿°ؿ
       ˤ벾˼ϤޤΤȤξϻ
       ϤԤ졢¾ѿξϤǹԤޤ

        AWK ˴ؿäƤޤǤΤǡɽѿ 
       ϤޤꥹޡȤǤϤޤ󡣶ɽѿϰꥹȤ;
       ʬʰȤޤɽѿȴؿ̤  
       ᡢ;ʬʶǶڤΤǤ㤨СʲΤ褦ˤ
       ޤ

              ffuunnccttiioonn  ff((pp,, qq,,     aa,, bb))   ## aa && bb ϶ɽѿ
              {{
                   ..........
              }}

              //aabbcc//     {{ ...... ;; ff((11,, 22)) ;; ...... }}

       ؿƤӽФˤ뺸̤ϡ򶹤ޤ˴ؿ̾ľ
       ֤ʤФޤ󡣤ϡʸ黻ҤȤۣ椵
       ʤɬפǤ¤ϡҤȤ߹ߴ
       ˤϤƤϤޤޤ

       ؿϡ¾δؿƤӽФꡢʬȤƵŪ˸ƤӽФ
       ȤǤޤɽѿȤѤؿϡؿ
       ư˶ʸ󤪤 0 ˽ޤ

        ֤ͤˤ rreettuurrnn _e_x_p_r ѤƤͤ
       ꤷʤ硢ޤϴؿν꤫ ``'' (:  
       Ĥ֥졼ã) Ȥˤؿ硢
       ̤ͤǤ

       ----lliinntt ꤵ줿Ȥ _g_a_w_k ϼ¹ԻǤϤʤѡ 
       ̤ؿθƤӽФ˴ؤƷٹ𤷤ޤ¹Ի̤ؿ
       θƤӽФ̿Ūʥ顼Ȥʤޤ

       ffuunnccttiioonn Τ ffuunncc Ѥ뤳ȤǤޤ


       ``/etc/passwd'' 桼Υ̾ФȤƽϤޤ

            BBEEGGIINN     {{ FFSS == ""::"" }}
                 {{ pprriinntt $$11 || ""ssoorrtt"" }}

       եιԿ롣

                 {{ nnlliinneess++++ }}
            EENNDD  {{ pprriinntt nnlliinneess }}

       ֹĤ롣

            {{ pprriinntt FFNNRR,, $$00 }}

       եֹ̤Ĥ롣



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         22





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


            {{ pprriinntt NNRR,, $$00 }}

ϢϢ
       _e_g_r_e_p(1), _g_e_t_p_i_d(2),  _g_e_t_p_p_i_d(2),  _g_e_t_p_g_r_p(2),  _g_e_t_u_i_d(2),
       _g_e_t_e_u_i_d(2), _g_e_t_g_i_d(2), _g_e_t_e_g_i_d(2), _g_e_t_g_r_o_u_p_s(2)

       _T_h_e  _A_W_K  _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_i_n_g  _L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e,  Alfred  V. Aho, Brian W.
       Kernighan, Peter J. Weinberger, Addison-Wesley, 1988. ISBN
       0-201-07981-X.

       _A_W_K  _L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e  _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_i_n_g,  Edition 1.0, published by the
       Free Software Foundation, 1995.

PPOOSSIIXX ߴ
       _g_a_w_k ϺǿǤ UNIX _a_w_k ȤθߴǤʤPOSIX ɸ 
       ȤθߴɵᤷƤޤΤ _g_a_w_k ˤϰʲΤ褦
       ǽƤޤεǽ AWK ܤˤϽ 
        Ƥޤ󤬡 Bell Labs  POSIX ɸ _a_w_k ͭ
       Ƥ뵡ǽǤ

       ץ¹ѿԤʤ --vv ץϿʪ
         AWK ܤˤСޥɥ饤ǻꤵ줿ѿ
        _a_w_k ե̾Ȥƥץ󤹤ݤ˹Ԥʤ 
        ȤˤʤޤĤޤꤳ BBEEGGIINN ֥åμ¹ԸǤ
       ʤκμǤϡǥե̾  
       Ω   ꤵƤˤϡ BBEEGGIINN 
       å¹Ԥ ˹ԤƤޤƥץꥱ 
       ϡ Ρֻ͡פ˰¸褦ˤʤޤ _a_w_k Υ
       Ȥ˹礦褦ľ줿Τư˰¸Ƥ륢
       ץꥱصޤ뤿ˤΥץ󤬲ä
        (λͤ AT&T  GNU γȯãˤäƹ 
       ޤ)

        ǽΤ --WW ץ POSIX ɸ˽äΤ
       

       ̤ʥץ ``----'' ꤹȡ _g_a_w_k Ϥ
       ץνǤȲᤷޤߴ⡼ɤˤ
       Ƥ̤ץϷٹ𤬽Ϥ졢ʳΤΤ̵
        ޤ̾μ¹ԤˤƤϻĤΰ AWK ץ
       ˰Ϥޤ

       AWK ܤ ssrraanndd(()) ֤ͤƤޤ POSIX ɸ
       ϡδؿȤäƤ֤󥹤פǤ
       褦ˤƤޤä _g_a_w_k ˤ ssrraanndd(())  
       ߤμ֤褦ˤƤޤ

       ¾ˤʲΤ褦ʿǽޤ --ff ץʣ
        (MKS _a_w_k襤ޤ); EENNVVIIRROONN ; ץ
         \\aa  \\vv ( _g_a_w_k Ǻǽ˼졢AT&T  _a_w_k 
       եɥХåޤ); Ȥ߹ߴؿ ttoolloowweerr(())  ttoouupp--
       ppeerr(()) (AT&T 襤ޤ); pprriinnttff ˤ ANSI C Ѵ
       (AT&T ǤǺǽ˼ޤ)




Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         23





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


GGNNUU ĥĥ
       _g_a_w_k  POSIX _a_w_k Ф¿γĥԤʤƤޤ
        ǤϤˤĤƲ⤷ޤ ----ttrraaddiittiioonnaall ץ
       դ _g_a_w_k ư뤳ȤˤäơǽҤ٤Ƥ
       ĥǽ򤹤٤ƶػߤ뤳ȤǤޤ

       _g_a_w_k İʲεǽ POSIX _a_w_k ǤϻѤǤޤ

              +o  ץ \\xx ( ----ppoossiixx ޻ߤǤ
                )

              +o fffflluusshh(()) ؿ( ----ppoossiixx ޻ߤǤޤ)

              +o ssyyssttiimmee(()), ssttrrffttiimmee(()), ggeennssuubb(()) γƴؿ

              +o ϥ쥯ȤѲǽüե̾ 
                򤵤ޤ

              +o ѿ AARRGGIINNDD, EERRRRNNOO, RRTT üѿǤϤޤ

              +o ѿ IIGGNNOORREECCAASSEE ȤѤѤǤޤ

              +o ѿ FFIIEELLDDWWIIDDTTHHSS ȸĹեʬ䡣

              +o RRSS ɽȤƤλѡ

              +o FFSS ˶ʸꤹ뤳ȤˤʸڤФ
                ǽϤȡ sspplliitt(())  3 ܤΰ

              +o --ff ץǻꤵ줿ե̾ˤĤƥѥ
                ԤʤȡäơĶѿ AAWWKKPPAATTHH ü
                ѿǤϤޤ

              +o  ߤϥեФ򽪤餻뤿
                Ѥ nneexxttffiillee 

              +o Τ뤿˻Ѥ ddeelleettee 

       AWK ܤϴؿ cclloossee(()) ֤ͤƤޤ _g_a_w_k  
       cclloossee(())  ϡ ե  ѥפ򥯥ݤ˸ƤӽФ
       _f_c_l_o_s_e(3)  _p_c_l_o_s_e(3)֤֤ͤޤ

       ץ ----ttrraaddiittiioonnaall դ _g_a_w_k ư --FF  
        ؤΰ _f_s Ȥ ``t'' Ϳˡ FFSS ͤϥ
       ʸꤵޤ ggaawwkk --FF\\tt ......  ȥפƤ⡢
       ñ ``t'' 򥯥ȤΤǡ``\t''  --FF ץ
       Ϥޤ󡣤Ͼ줷üǤΤǡǥե
        ưȤƤϺѤƤޤ ----ppoossiixx ꤷ
       ˤ⡢ưϹԤʤޤ󡣥ʸեɥ
       졼ȤƻѤˤϡȤѤΤ
       Ǥ: ggaawwkk --FF''\\tt'' .......

ŪŪǽǽ
       _g_a_w_k  AWK μˤä 2 Ĥεǽ   



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         24





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


         1 ĤȤơȤ߹ߴؿ lleennggtthh(()) ϰ̵ǸƤ
       ФǤʤ˳̵ǤƤӽФ !    
       ä

              aa == lleennggtthh     ## HHoollyy AAllggooll 6600,, BBaattmmaann!!

       ϰʲ2ƱǤ

              aa == lleennggtthh(())
              aa == lleennggtthh(($$00))

       POSIX ɸǤϤεǽ ``deprecated'' ս񤭤Ƥ
       ꡢ _g_a_w_k Ǥϥޥɥ饤 ----lliinntt ꤷˡ
       εǽλѤФƷٹϤޤ

         1 Ĥϡ wwhhiillee, ffoorr, ddoo 롼ΤγǤ ccoonnttiinnuuee,
       bbrreeaakk ơȥȤѤǤȤǽǤ Ū 
       AWK μǤϡΤ褦˻Ѥ ccoonnttiinnuuee ơȥ
        nneexxtt ơȥȤʤΤȤưäƤ  
       _g_a_w_k Ǥ ----ttrraaddiittiioonnaall ꤵ줿ˡεǽȤ
       ȤǤޤ

Ķѿ
       Ķ PPOOSSIIXXLLYY__CCOORRRREECCTT ¸ߤˤϡ _g_a_w_k ϥ 
        饤 ----ppoossiixx ꤵƤƱư򤷤
       ΤȤ ----lliinntt ꤵƤ _g_a_w_k ϤκѤˤ
       ƤηٹåϤޤ

       AAWWKKPPAATTHH ĶѿѤơ _g_a_w_k  --ff  ----ffiillee 
       ǻꤵ줿ե̾򸡺ǥ쥯ȥ
       ޤ

Х
       ޥɥ饤ǤѿǽѤˤϡѿؤ
       ľܥޥɥ饤˽񤱤Ф褯 --FF ץĤɬ
        Ϥޤ󡣤ΥץΤ _a_w_k ȤθߴΤ
       ˻ĤƤޤ

       ե    //ddeevv//ffdd       //ddeevv//ssttddiinn,   //ddeevv//ssttddoouutt,
       //ddeevv//ssttddeerrrr ºݤ˥ݡȤƤ륷ƥǤ _g_a_w_k 
       ϡ餬ʤƥȤϰäϤ뤫⤷
        _g_a_w_k ϤΥեǲ᤹ݤɸ
       ؤνϤ //ddeevv//ssttddoouutt ؤνϤƱޤ 
       եĥƥǤϽϤϤ줾ۤʤեظ
       ޤѼԤǵդ褦      
       (Caveat Emptor)

       ʸˡŪ˸äñʸץϥѡå줵
       뷹ꡢޤäʬʤå뷹
       ޤΤ褦ʥץοǤ϶ä٤Ȥ˰̤
       񤷤ǤϤϤޤạ̵̈ˤʤޤ

С
       Υޥ˥奢 _g_a_w_k С 3.0.4 ˤĤƵܤ 



Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         25





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       ޤ


       UNIX  _a_w_k   ǽΥСϡAT&T Bell Labs  Alfred
       Aho  Peter Weinberger  Brian Kernighan ˤä 
       ס ޤ Brian Kernighan ϤݼȲɤ³
       Ƥޤ

       Free Software Foundation  Paul  Rubin    Jay  Fenlason
       Seventh  Edition  UNIX  ۤ줿ǽΥС
       _a_w_k ȸߴĤ褦 _g_a_w_k 񤭤ޤ John Woods 
               äƲޤ David Trueman
       ϡArnold Robbins äƲäƤȤˡ _g_a_w_k  
       С UNIX _a_w_k ߴˤޤ

       DOS ؤκǽΰܿ Conrad Kwok  Scott Garfinkle ˤ
       ƹԤʤޤߤ Scott Deifik  DOS Ǥݼ 
            Pat  Rankin  VMS ؤΰܿԤʤMichal
       Jaegermann  Atari ST ؤΰܿԤʤޤ OS/2  
       ܿ Kai Uwe Rommel  Darrel Hankerson νڤƹ
       ʤޤ Fred Fish  Amiga ݡȤ󶡤Ԥ  
       

Хݡ
       _g_a_w_k          顢   ᡼ bbuugg--ggnnuu--
       uuttiillss@@ggnnuu..oorrgg Ȥ  ˡ        
       aarrnnoolldd@@ggnnuu..oorrgg  äƤŻҥ᡼ˤϡڥ
       ƥ󥰥ƥȤΥӥ _g_a_w_k Υӥ󡢥
        ѥ˻Ѥ C ѥ顢ƸǤ
       ʥƥȥץȥǡ򵭽ҤƤ

       ХݡȤ 2 ĤΤȤԤäƤ    1
       ˡǿ _g_a_w_k ѤƤ뤳ȤǧƤ¿
        (̯̾) ХơΥ꡼ǽƤޤ
       ǡѤΤΤŤˤϴ˲褵Ƥ뤫
       ޤ 2 ˡΥޥ˥奢ڡȥե 
       ˥奢տɤߡʤХȻפΤΤ˥
       Ǥꡢ礭ѤäͤǤϤʤȤǧƤ
       

        ݡȤ ccoommpp..llaanngg..aawwkk Ƥ뤳ȤϤʤ
        _g_a_w_k γȯãϻΥ˥塼롼פɤ
       ޤХݡȤ򤳤Υ˥塼롼פƤƤХ
       ݡȤȤƿޤ󡣾嵭Υɥ쥹ؤŻҥ
       Ǥꤤޤ

ռ
       Bell  Labs  Brian Kernighan ϥƥȤӥǥХåδ֡
       ŤʽϤ󶡤Ʋޤפޤ

CCOOPPYYIINNGG PPEERRMMIISSSSIIOONNSS
       Copyright (C))  1996,97,98,99  Free  Software  Foundation,
       Inc.




Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         26





GAWK(1)                  Utility Commands                 GAWK(1)


       Permission  is  granted  to  make  and distribute verbatim
       copies of this manual page provided the  copyright  notice
       and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.

       Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified ver-
       sions of this manual page under the conditions for  verba-
       tim  copying,  provided  that the entire resulting derived
       work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
       identical to this one.

       Permission  is granted to copy and distribute translations
       of this manual page into another language, under the above
       conditions for modified versions, except that this permis-
       sion notice may be stated in a translation approved by the
       Foundation.










































Free Software Foundation   Apr 28 1999                         27


